For the purposes of this investigation, data & tech services are all the procedures or devices needed to create, process, store, secure and exchange information. Under this definition, D&TS has been developing along with humankind for millennia, the oldest records being tally sticks, petroglyphs (rock carvings) and petrographs (rock paintings), which date back to 18,000 - 20,000 years before the Common Era (BCE). The invention of numbers (3,000 - 4,000 BCE) and instruments for arithmetic calculations such as the abacus (circa 2,400 BCE) were breakthroughs, and so were the alphabet (circa 1,700 BCE) and books (hand-written scrolls in 500 BCE) in later eras.
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